美达菲学校课程设置

　　The curriculum at the MacDuffie School is one that is heavily crafted from the American Style of teaching.

　　Western teachers, particularly those from America who have taught in America, have helped to shape our curriculum.

　　The base of our curriculum is the Common Core Curriculum Standards created in America in conjunction with European education standards.

　　Our teachers have improved on a few of the weaknesses of the Common Core program, mainly within the sciences and mathematics departments.

　　We teach and support students from grades 6 to 12, and our curriculum is modeled into a continuum, so students with us year-by-year are building on the previous year's concepts to fit the new problems and new information.

　　Our program includes English as a Foreign Language (EFL), Chinese, Physical Education (PE), Health, English Literature, Mathematics, Sciences, and Humanities, as well as a range of Performance Arts subjects.

　　美达菲学校采用美国原汁原味的课程体系。

　　在课程体系建立的过程中，外教们特别是来自美国并且在美国有教学经验的外教提供了很大的帮助。

　　我们课程体系既结合了美国共同核心课程标准，也结合了欧洲的教育标准。

　　我们的教师帮助改善了美国共同核心课程体系中科学与数学学科上的一些缺点。

　　我们教授6年级到12年级的学生，我们的课程具备较高的系统性，所以我们的学生能够运用前面学过的概念去解决新问题和新信息。

　　我们的项目包括EFL, 中文，体育，健康，英文文学，数学，科学，人文科学和行为艺术学科。

　　merican curriculum Features

　　美国课程的特点

　　American curriculum, and western curriculum altogether, tends to focus on problem solving and creative solutions instead of blanket memorization. Learning is done through the repitition of practice problems and the connections of surrounding information into webs (Sibley, et alia. 2014). This type of learning is supported by most modern psychological learning models (Border, et alia. 2018). Crafting arguments, supporting those arguments with details, and presenting those arguments in a convincing method also helps learning (Caspersz & Stasinska. 2015) and is an integral part of our education experience. Learning must also incorporate repitition by various approaches - listening, reading, speaking, and writing .

　　美国课程，或者说西方课程侧重于解决问题的能力，而不是对知识的记忆。学习的过程就是不断重复实际操作，并且把相关的知识点连成知识网络。这种学习模式是大多数现代心理学的学习模型所提倡的。 制造论题，用事实支持论题，运用具有说服力的方式来陈述这些论题能够帮助学习，这些合起来组成了一个完整的教育体验。学习必须从不同的方面来重复—听，说，读，写。

　　MacDuffie's approach

　　美达菲的做法

　　Our program brings these into the classroom practice, focusing on what the students are truly lacking, typically speaking and writing. In addition, our program offers a cross-discipline hollistic approach to learning, bridging as many facets of learning and information as is still feasible for a healthy education.

　　我们的项目把这些都融入我们的课堂实践，着眼于我们的学生缺少什么，具体来说就是说和写的能力。除此之外，我们的项目提供跨学科的整体性研究方式，这样既能呈现学习和信息的多面性，又能形成一个健康的教育体系。

　　MacDuffie's course settings

　　美达菲课程设置

　　English Literature and Humanities subjects

　　英文文学和人文学科

　　As previously mentioned, the English Literature and Humanities subjects needed little improvement on the Common Core base. English Literature presents students with the opportunities to explore the types of western literature, in addition to styles of writing, grammar, syntax, and complex structures of the English language. The literature used, whether prose or poetry, focus the students onto the styles or topic being studied and allow for a counterpoint against each other. This is the same method for teaching English Literature as used in America. The Humanities similarly study history, psychology, geography/geology, and sociology through the lens of the articles, writings, and materials

　　正如之前提到的，共同核心课程体系在英文文学和人文学科需要提升的空间较小，英文文学提供给学生探索西方文学以及英文写作风格，语法，句法，和句子结构的学习。无论从散文还是诗歌的角度让学生集中学习不同的风 格与风格之间的对比。这和美国英文文学的授课方式是一致的。人文学科透过文章，写作，和历史人物的作品来学习历史，心理，地理，和社会学，这能使学生从以小窥大角度理解关系的同时，发现历史与人文的模式。

　　PE and Health

　　体育课和健康课

　　PE and Health are modeled after the western approach to health, tempered with Chinese views and customs concerning the body and the mind. PE is mostly attuned to physical health, while Health is a combination of physical health, mental health, and emotional health to promote well-being. PE uses sports, physical exercise, games, and competitions to get the students moving and working with each other. Health teaches cooperation, mediation, conflict resolution, stress relief systems, and other mental and emotional areas while exploring the ways in which the human body works.

　　体育课和健康课的设计把西方保健方式与中国式的养生观念和习俗相结合。体育课主要着眼于身体健康，而真正的健康是身体，心理和情商的健全。体育课采用运动，体能练习，游戏和竞赛让学生能够参与其中并且乐在其中。健康课教授学生合作，调解，冲突解决，压力缓解的同时，教会学生探索符合人类身体工作机能的方法。

　　Mathematics

　　数学课

　　Mathematics is one of the first subjects in which our base of Common Core needs to be expanded. In Common Core mathematics, it is argued that the path to the answer is more important than the answer itself. While this logic serves well with Literature and Humanities, it is a far cry from being true in mathematics. Many times, the purpose of mathematics is the answer of whatever type of problem we may be using at the time. The paths, or formulae, are only as important as the answer given to us is correct. In the respect, we have changed the Common Core mathematics standards a bit to include the importance of finding the answer. It is agreed that a solid understanding of how an answer is achieved is good, but the answer is also important. In accordance with the western teaching models, the mathematics courses are offered more by ability than by grade, giving the students the option to complete the mathematics that best serves their abilities, instead of lumping students together with various levels of abilities into one course.

　　数学是在共同核心课程体系中最需要扩展的学科。在共同核心课程的数学学科，备受争议的部分在于看重解题过程超过看重结果本身。尽管这个逻辑能够很好的指导文学和人文学科，但它在数学方面的指导意义就差很多。很多时候，数学的目的在于答案，而不关乎我们遇到了什么类型的问题，方法与公式仅仅在能够得出正确答案的时候才是有意义的。基于以上的想法，我们改变了共同核心数学课程的标准。纵所周知，深刻理解解决问题的途径是好的，但是答案本身也很重要的，与西方教学模型相一致，数学课程更多强调技能而不是成绩，给学生选择可以提升他们能力的数学学科，而不是把不同能力的学生放在同一个课程里。

　　Sciences

　　科学课

　　The Sciences are similarly structured to mathematics in that the correct answer is also stressed. The other way we expound upon the Common Core base in the sciences is by focusing on hands-on learning. We offer laboratory experiments, classroom demonstrations, and activities that facilitate the understanding of difficult scientific concepts. The material learned in mathematics courses is given more depth as students apply their knowledge of mathematics to their science courses. Also, beginning as early as grade 7, students are encouraged to write academic reports and, eventually, academic essays and papers. This helps expand and apply the scientific language they gain in the classroom, as well as prepare the students for the types and levels of writing they can expect in an American, or western, university. It is also important for students to not be overwhlemed by scientific jargon. To this end, the science courses apply scientific terms to colloquial language to bridge the understanding and use of these terms (Saecker. 2018).

　　科学跟数学同样强调正确结果，对于共同核心课程我们强调的一点是实践性学习，我们提供实验室实践，课堂讲课，和活动的形式来帮助学生理解一些复杂的科学概念。当学生把数学课上学到的理论运用到科学课程中的时候，数学课堂上学到的东西会得到升华。另外，从7年级开始，我们就鼓励学生开始写作学术报告，学术文章和论文。这些都会帮助他们扩展和运用在课堂上学到的科学语言，同时也帮助他们适应美国或者西方大学里对学生写作的要求，这也会帮助学生战胜一些科学术语带来的恐惧。总之，科学课把科学术语简化，弥补学生在理解和运用这些术语上的断层

　　EFL

　　EFL课程

　　EFL we have recently completely re-invented. We now offer a four-tier program for all underclassmen, ranging from beginning EFL to Upper Intermediate based on each student's English capability. The lowest level removes students from the highly technical language-use courses, such as English Literature and Humanities courses, and instead gives them EFL-driven substitutes for these courses. The highest level gives the students options to do Honors classes, which can then be used to take academic achievement and placement exams. The seniors focus on academic writing, preparing for their university essays and then for the types and amounts of writing expected of them during university.

　　我们最近重新设计了EFL课程。我们把除毕业生之外的学生分了四级，从EFL初级到中级把学生按照英语能力分层，最低级的英语课程不会涉及一些高难度的语言使用课程，例如英文文学，人文课程，更多的是会给他们从EFL角度给予这些课程补充。最高级英语课程则提供了学生选择荣誉课程的机会，这可以帮助学生取得学术成就和提升考试成绩，毕业生则侧重于学术写作，为他们大学论文写作做准备以对在大学中所遇到的写作类型和写作量有所预期。

　　Performance Arts courses

　　行为艺术课

　　Our Performance Arts courses include drama, art, and music; we allow the students to pick the performance art that best fits their interests. These curricula are based on Harvard, Oxford, and Juliard curricula that have been modeled to fit all academic and performance levels. The arts courses teach the students the concepts of drawing, painting, designing, and perception. The drama courses teach students the concepts of performance, expression, stagecraft, and dramatic effects. The music courses teach musical concepts related to music writing, conducting, singing and instrumental performance, and scientific connections to music. The performance arts courses help build character and further the students' interests.

　　我们的行为艺术课程包括戏剧，艺术和音乐;我们允许学生选择他们最感兴趣的行为艺术，这些课程设计以哈佛，牛津，茱莉亚音乐学院课程为基础，同时又与学生的学术水平和展示能力相结合。艺术课程教会学生画画，着色，设计以及感知。戏剧课教学生行为表达，编剧才能，以及戏剧效果。音乐课教学生很多音乐概念，包括音乐写作，指挥，唱歌，乐器演奏，以及科学与音乐结合。行为艺术课程帮助学生塑造性格以及建立学生的长远兴趣。

　　Our curriculum is wide and as all-encompassing as is possible. It is based on the American Common Core Curriculum with adjustments for second language students and fixes for the problems in the mathematics and sciences. We also strive to offer the best education possible. We do that by continuing to adjust our curriculum and continually training our teachers and staff in new techniques and new information as becomes available. In mathematics and the sciences, this is achieved through current academic papers. In literature and the humanities, this is achieved by bridging current work and materials with classic work and materials. We hope to continue to offer an exemplary education well into our future.

　　我们课程很丰富而且包容性强。它在美国共同核心课程的基础上做了调整以适合以英语为第二语言的学生，也在数学和科学课程上做了改进。我们致力于为学生提供最好的教育，我们会坚持用最新的科技和信息调整我们的课程，培训我们的教职员工。在数学和科学上，通过当今的学术文章来促进学科不断进步;在文学和人文科学课程上，通过搭建当代作品和古典作品之间的联系来进步。我们希望我们可以继续提供一个典范的教育来共创美好未来。